Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on goat dermal papilla cells cultured in vitro

Abstract

Background: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A-derived active metabolite, exerts important functions in hair biology. Previous studies indicated that excess ATRA hampered hair follicle morphogenesis and cyclic regeneration in adulthood, but other studies stated that ATRA promoted hair growth. Dermal papilla (DP), a cluster of specialized fibroblasts, plays pivotal roles in controlling development and regeneration of hair follicle. Several lines of evidence indicated that DP might be the target cells of ATRA in the hair follicle. To confirm this hypothesis, the present study was performed to explore the biological effects of ATRA on goat dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and clarify the roles of ATRA in hair biology.

Results: Our experimental results indicated that key signaling transducers of ATRA were dynamically expressed in distinct stages of goat cashmere growth cycle, and high-dose ATRA treatment (10-5 M) significantly impaired the viability of goat DPCs and lowered the ratio of proliferating cells. Otherwise, goat DPCs were stimulated to enter apoptosis and their cell cycle progression was severely blocked by ATRA. Moreover, the expression of fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7), one of the potent hair growth stimulators secreted by DPCs, was transcriptionally repressed following ATRA treatment.

Conclusion: DPCs are the targets of ATRA in the hair follicle, and ATRA negatively regulates hair growth by the targeted suppression of cell viability and growth factor expression of goat DPCs. Through these observations, we offer a new mechanistic insight into the roles of ATRA in hair biology.